Uncertainty of gas saturation estimates in a subbituminous coal seam     

Tennille E. Mares  Tim A. Moore  Catherine R. Moore 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):320-327

To assess the commercial viability of a coalbed methane prospect two of the key geological parameters measured are gas content (desorbed gas) and gas holding capacity (adsorption capacity). These two measures, together with reservoir pressure, give an estimate of the gas saturation of the reservoir. Typically gas saturation has been assessed by collecting one adsorption isotherm sample and assuming it is representative of the whole seam reservoir conditions. This study addresses that assumption.To understand the level of variation, and thus the inherent uncertainty in saturation, one core (Jasper-1) from the Huntly coalfield in New Zealand was analysed in detail. Ten samples (representing the whole coal seam) were placed into gas desorption canisters and desorbed for ten days and then analysed for adsorption capacity. Desorption analyses for total measured gas content (average in-situ basis) ranged from 2.32 to 2.89 m³/t (standard deviation (sd) = 0.18) and gas adsorptive capacity at 4 MPa (average in-situ basis) from 2.11 to 3.51 m³/t (sd = 0.38) resulting in saturations ranging from 66% to 120% (sd = 15).Determination of how many samples are required to make a realistic assessment of average reservoir properties requires a consideration of: (i) the level of accuracy desired, (ii) the limit of accuracy possible, which is governed by the magnitude of experimental error, and (iii) the innate variability of the seam. It was found that a minimum of five samples each for adsorption and desorption were required in order to significantly decrease the uncertainty in gas saturation estimates for a subbituminous coal.  相似文献   

视电阻率测井数据处理的应用研究     

苏兆锋  刘国  孙增伟  张辉  贾辉 《华东地质学院学报》2009,32(1):65-67

影响土的电阻率的因素众多,土的视电阻率大小与土的工程力学指标密切相关。在阐述视电阻率测井基本原理的基础上,采用三极测深的方式采集数据,对比分析所测得的三种类型土的视电阻率值,并结合土工试验结果,依据试验数据归纳总结出亦庄地区典型土的电阻率值与土的饱和度、含水率、天然密度之间的相关性。当土体趋于饱和时,土的视电阻率趋于稳定,约等于水的视电阻率,土体视电阻率值随着含水率增大而减小,而随着天然密度的增大而增大。  相似文献   

A Comparison of Feature Classification Methods for Modeling Solar Irradiance Variation     

H. P. Jones  G. A. Chapman  K. L. Harvey  J. M. Pap  D. G. Preminger  M. J. Turmon  S. R. Walton 《Solar physics》2008,248(2):323-337

Physical understanding of total and spectral solar irradiance variation depends upon establishing a connection between the temporal variability of spatially resolved solar structures and spacecraft observations of irradiance. One difficulty in comparing models derived from different data sets is that the many ways for identifying solar features such as faculae, sunspots, quiet Sun, and various types of “network” are not necessarily consistent. To learn more about classification differences and how they affect irradiance models, feature “masks” are compared as derived from five current methods: multidimensional histogram analysis of NASA/National Solar Observatory/Kitt Peak spectromagnetograph data, statistical pattern recognition applied to SOHO/Michelson Doppler Imager photograms and magnetograms, threshold masks allowing for influence of spatial surroundings applied to NSO magnetograms, and “one-trigger” and “three-trigger” algorithms applied to California State University at Northridge Cartesian Full Disk Telescope intensity observations. In general all of the methods point to the same areas of the Sun for labeling sunspots and active-region faculae, and available time series of area measurements from the methods correlate well with each other and with solar irradiance. However, some methods include larger label sets, and there are important differences in detail, with measurements of sunspot area differing by as much as a factor of two. The methods differ substantially regarding inclusion of fine spatial scale in the feature definitions. The implications of these differences for modeling solar irradiance variation are discussed. K.L. Harvey and S.R. Walton are deseased, to whom this paper is dedicated.  相似文献   

一个深海能源土弹塑性本构模型     

蒋明镜  刘俊  周卫  奚邦禄 《岩土力学》2018,39(4):1153-1158

天然气水合物赋存在低温高压环境中,会在土颗粒间形成胶结从而增大深海能源土抗剪强度。基于损伤力学理论,将结构性砂土本构模型推广应用于深海能源土分析中,模拟计算了三轴固结排水剪切试验,再根据应力-应变曲线关系定量反演初始屈服系数与水合物饱和度之间的函数关系,并修正了原有的结构性砂土破损规律,建立了深海能源土弹塑性本构模型。另外,根据该模型模拟了另外一组深海能源土三轴剪切试验和等向固结压缩试验。计算结果表明：新建立的深海能源土本构模型可以有效模拟深海能源土剪切强度随水合物饱和度之间的增长关系;随着水合物饱和度的增加,三轴压缩试验中深海能源土峰值强度及割线模量(E50)逐渐增加,等向固结压缩试验中屈服强度增加,与试验结果有较好的一致性,表明了该模型的合理性。  相似文献   

初期坝渗透性对尾矿库浸润线位置影响的定量分析     

王昆 《地质灾害与环境保护》2019,30(1):74-78

基于对云南某拟建尾矿库渗流场的数值模拟,统计分析了初期坝与堆积坝不同渗透系数之比下浸润线位置,发现初期坝渗透性与尾矿库浸润线的埋深并不是简单的线性增长关系,而是当初期坝渗透系数高出堆积坝三个数量级以上时,浸润线埋深趋于稳定,并由此建立了二者的关系函数。经过正、反验证计算,证明该关系函数是正确的,为尾矿坝的设计施工提供了依据。  相似文献   

基坑降水—回灌共同作用下地下水浸润曲线求解研究     

高扬  代方园  雷炳霄  曾纯品  孙虹洁 《地质学报》2019,93(S1):127-132

基坑工程中,通常采用地下水回灌措施降低降水对周边地质环境产生的不良影响,然而目前基坑降水—回灌的相关设计理论仍处于探索阶段。本文通过引入平面二维流势函数理论和叠加原理,分别求解得到了无止水帷幕工况下潜水完整井和承压完整井在降水—回灌共同作用下的地下水浸润曲线方程;此外,本文通过空间汇点原理和镜像原理分别求得基坑内降水和基坑外回灌对基坑外地下水位的影响,并运用叠加原理得到了有止水帷幕工况下,深基坑降水—回灌作用下的地下水浸润曲线解析式。本文利用得到的解析式探讨了在具有止水帷幕条件下回灌井距基坑围护结构的距离、渗透系数等主要因素对浸润曲线的影响,为基坑降水—回灌设计提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

Pore fluid viscosity effects on P‐ and S‐wave anisotropy in synthetic silica‐cemented sandstone with aligned fractures     

Mark Chapman  Jeremy Sothcott  Angus Ian Best  Xiang‐Yang Li 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(6):1238-1252

Ultrasonic (500 kHz) P‐ and S‐wave velocity and attenuation anisotropy were measured in the laboratory on synthetic, octagonal‐shaped, silica‐cemented sandstone samples with aligned penny‐shaped voids as a function of pore fluid viscosity. One control (blank) sample was manufactured without fractures, another sample with a known fracture density (measured from X‐ray CT images). Velocity and attenuation were measured in four directions relative to the bedding fabric (introduced during packing of successive layers of sand grains during sample construction) and the coincident penny‐shaped voids (fractures). Both samples were measured when saturated with air, water (viscosity 1 cP) and glycerin (100 cP) to reveal poro‐visco‐elastic effects on velocity and attenuation, and their anisotropy. The blank sample was used to estimate the background anisotropy of the host rock in the fractured sample; the bedding fabric was found to show transverse isotropy with shear wave splitting (SWS) of 1.45 ± 1.18% (i.e. for S‐wave propagation along the bedding planes). In the fractured rock, maximum velocity and minimum attenuation of P‐waves was seen at 90° to the fracture normal. After correction for the background anisotropy, the fractured sample velocity anisotropy was expressed in terms of Thomsen's weak anisotropy parameters ε, γ & δ. A theory of frequency‐dependent seismic anisotropy in porous, fractured, media was able to predict the observed effect of viscosity and bulk modulus on ε and δ in water‐ and glycerin‐saturated samples, and the higher ε and δ values in air‐saturated samples. Theoretical predictions of fluid independent γ are also in agreement with the laboratory observations. We also observed the predicted polarisation cross‐over in shear‐wave splitting for wave propagation at 45° to the fracture normal as fluid viscosity and bulk modulus increases.  相似文献   

考虑多大气参数不确定性的地面太阳短波辐射估算误差数学期望     

饶俊峰  张显峰 《热带地理》2015,35(6):852-859

以香港地面站观测的AOD与WVC数据为参照,首先分析了MISR/AOD和MODIS/WVC产品的不确定性描述方法,然后在考虑二者联合不确定性的影响下,推导了辐射传输方程法估算地面太阳短波辐射的相对误差分布函数。通过统计2005―2013年香港MISR/AOD和MODIS/WVC反演值的分布情况,得出两者的联合概率密度函数,然后将AOD和WVC的联合概率密度函数作为权重函数与相对误差分布函数积分,得到对辐射传输方程法估算地面太阳短波辐射的相对误差数学期望。结果表明,夏季在太阳天顶角为0°时,使用MISR/AOD和MODIS/WVC产品估算地面太阳短波辐射的相对误差期望为3.17%,并且有90%的把握使估算结果相对误差＜3.53%;不同季节不同太阳天顶角下、不同置信水平下,地面太阳短波辐射估算的相对误差大小,可为不同应用研究提供基础数据,为评估亚热带地面太阳短波辐射估算结果是否符合应用需求提供依据。  相似文献   

稠油蒸气—泡沫驱不同油藏区域流体的流变特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

龙运前  朱维耀  李娟  刘今子  田巍 《东北石油大学学报》2012,(2):81-85,128

针对稠油蒸气-泡沫驱蒸气腔驱油区泡沫油体系、热水冷凝区热水油体系,通过模拟实际油藏温度压力条件,利用高温高压流变仪,在0～600s-1剪切速率范围内,研究蒸气相饱和度、泡沫剂质量分数、温度和蒸气干度对泡沫油体系流变特征的影响;在0～100s-1剪切速率范围内,研究热水相饱和度、泡沫剂质量分数和温度对热水油体系流变特征的影响.结果表明,泡沫油体系和热水油体系均为假塑性流体,可用幂律模型来描述,并且随着蒸气相饱和度和泡沫剂质量分数升高,泡沫油体系非牛顿性增强;随着温度和蒸气干度增大,泡沫油体系越接近为牛顿流体;随着热水相饱和度和温度升高,热水油体系越接近为牛顿流体;随着泡沫剂质量分数增加,热水油体系非牛顿性增强.  相似文献   

The special sealing mechanism of caprock for Quaternary biogenetic gas in Sanhu area,Qaidam Basin,China     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z1)

The Quaternary biogenetic gas reservoirs in the east of Qaidam Basin have many characteristics such as late forming time,shallow burial depth,low diagenetic grade,high porosity and high permeability and so on.It cannot be considered as caprock according to the traditional evaluation criterion.However, the large scale and high efficient biogenetic gas reservoirs of the Qaidam Basin are really formed under these kinds of caprocks,so it does have some specialty in its sealing mechanism.Aiming at the special sealing mechanism,some simulating experiments have been done.The research results show that the sealing ability of biogenetic gas caprock is related with water saturation,the caprock that is saturated with salt water can effectively block seepage and diffusion.Furthermore,the multiple reservoir-caprock groups have accumulated sealing effect,causing the formation of big gas fields.The evaluation method with traditional caprock parameters cannot be adopted in evaluating the study area.  相似文献